Sickle cell anaemia, a genetic blood disorder, is caused by a mutation in the gene that produces the haemoglobin protein. This mutation results in red blood cells becoming sickle-shaped, stiff, and sticky, which can cause blockages in blood vessels and reduced oxygen supply to various organs, leading to severe pain, infections, organ damage, and even death. Some alternative names or synonyms for sickle cell anaemia include sickle cell disease, sickle cell disorder, sickle cell trait, haemoglobin S disease, haemoglobinopathy, sickling disorder, haemolytic anaemia, sickle cell thalassemia, and sicklemia. Early diagnosis and management, including medication, blood transfusions, and stem cell transplant, can improve the quality of life and prolong survival for people living with sickle cell anaemia.