Positron emission mammography (PEM) is a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive material to generate detailed images of breast tissue. This technique is also known as breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI). Several synonyms are used to describe this imaging technique such as PEM/BSGI fusion imaging, molecular breast imaging (MBI), and scintimammography. These synonyms are commonly used interchangeably to describe the same medical imaging approach. BSGI has several advantages over the traditional mammography technique and is a useful tool for detecting early signs of breast cancer. Thus, it plays a vital role in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of breast cancer.